JT
Plants * Flare Gas Recovery * Gas Processing *
Gas to Power
Austin, Texas |
Joule Thomson
www.JouleThomson.com
What is the Joule Thomson effect?
The Joule Thomson effect or "JT" effect, refers to the temperature of a gas that falls when it expands without doing any work (e.g. gas at constant pressure through a small orifice).
What is a "JT
Plant?"
JT Plants, or "Joule-Thomson" plants operate as a gas processing plant in that the JT Plant operates through a natural gas pressure differential causing the temperature to fall significantly, thereby making the natural gas liquids (propane, butane, and natural gasoline) within the natural gas stream, to "condense" and fall out of the natural gas stream.
JT plants condense the heavier natural gas liquids from the natural gas stream to meet that specific natural gas pipeline's "pipeline quality gas" specifications thereby making the natural gas saleable to downstream end-users/customers. The natural gas liquids that are produced from the JT plant are stored in tanks for eventual sale as propane, butane and natural gasoline.
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Austin, Texas
What is an Amine Unit?
An amine unit - also referred to as an "amine plant," is used for "gas sweetening" in the "gas processing" sector of the Midstream Oil and Gas sector.
Amine units provide H2S removal as well as CO2 removal from natural gas and liquid hydrocarbons. The process involves both absorption and chemical reactions.
What
is LNG
Liquefaction?
LNG
Liquefaction is a process that refrigerates Natural Gas until it is
condensed into a liquid at close to atmospheric pressure (maximum transport
pressure set at around 25 kPa/3.6 psi) by the natural gas to approximately
−162 °C (−260 °F) which reduces its volume to 1/600th or its
original volume for ease of transportation.
Liquefied
Natural Gas or simply "LNG" is natural gas which is
primarily methane or CH4 that has been liquefied to reduce its volume. As
previously stated, LNG is colorless, odorless, non-toxic and non-corrosive.
LNG hazards include flammability, freezing and asphyxia.
The LNG Liquefaction takes place at an LNG terminal, typically located at an ocean port where one or more natural gas pipelines deliver natural gas. The natural gas has had the contaminants removed by gas processing and purification, which removes, condensates such as water, dust, helium, mud, oil, CO2, H2S and mercury. The natural gas is then cooled down in stages until it is finally liquefied at -160 degrees C. The Liquefied Natural Gas is stored in cryogenic storage tanks and loaded onto an LNG ship and shipped.
What is "NGL
Fractionation"?
NGL, or natural gas liquids fractionation plants purpose is to separate the mixed natural gas liquids stream into separated products. These natural gas liquids that are separated by heat at NGL Fractionation plants include; ethane, propane, normal butane, isobutane and natural gasoline.
What is NGL Recovery?
Toward
the end of the gas
processing process and natural
gas treating process, wherein the "raw" natural gas
(methane or CH4) is readied for sale as "pipeline
quality gas," the recovery of the valuable natural
gas liquids (NGL) takes place. In many gas
processing facilities,
a cryogenic
plant - which
provides low-temperature distillation that recovers the natural
gas liquids. The residue gas from the
NGL recovery process, is the purified pipeline
quality gas that is sold via pipeline
and sent so end-users such as LDCs (local distribution companies - or natural
gas utility) for distribution via natural gas mains in their cities and markets.
Other NGL recovery methods include an NGL
fractionation "train" which typically consists of three
distillation towers in a series. The series occurs in the following order:
1.
deethanizer
2. depropanizer
3. debutanizer.
The overhead product from the deethanizer is ethane - after which the bottoms flow to the depropanizer. The overhead product from the depropanizer is propane and the bottoms then flow to the debutanizer. The overhead product from the debutanizer is a mixture of normal butane and iso-butane. The bottoms products are a C5+ mixture. Most cryogenic plants, however, do not include fractionation due to economic reasons. Therefore the NGL stream is then transported as a mixed product to separate, standalone fractionation plants that are located near refineries or chemical plants that need these NGLs feedstock.
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Suggested Links
Amine
Plants
www.AminePlants.com
Amine Sweetening
www.AmineSweetening.com
Amine
Units
www.AmineUnits.com
CO2-EOR
www.CO2-EOR.com
CO2
Flooding
www.CO2flooding.com
CO2 Injection
www.CO2injection.com
Cryogenic Plant
www.CryogenicPlant.com
Desiccant
Dehydration
www.DesiccantDehydration.com
Desulfurization
www.Desulfurization.com
Diesel
to Gas
www.DieselToGas.com
Diesel
to LNG
www.DieselToLNG.com
Emissions
Abatement
www.EmissionsAbatement.com
Emissions
Engineering
www.EmissionsEngineering.com
Enhanced
Oil Recovery
www.EnhancedOilRecovery.com
Flare
Gas Recovery
www.FlareGasRecovery.com
Fractionation Plant
www.FractionationPlant.com
Gas
Dehydration
www.GasDehydration.com
Gas
Gathering
www.GasGathering.com
Gas Liquefaction
www.GasLiquefaction.com
Gas Processing
www.GasProcessing.net
Gas
Sweetening
www.GasSweetening.com
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
www.GreenhouseGasEmissions.com
Greenhouse Gas Reporting
www.GreenhouseGasReporting.com
H2S Removal
www.H2Sremoval.com
Heater
Treater
www.HeaterTreater.com
Helium
Recovery
www.HeliumRecovery.com
Joule
Thomson
www.JouleThomson.com
JT
Plant
www.JTplant.com
Liquefied
Natural Gas - LNG
www.LiquefiedNaturalGas.net
LNG
Liquefaction
www.LNGliquefaction.com
Methane
Recovery
www.MethaneRecovery.com
Midstream
Oil and Gas
www.MidstreamOilAndGas.com
Natural
Gas Liquids - NGL
www.NaturalGasLiquids.net
Natural
Gas Treating
www.NaturalGasTreating.com
NGL
Extraction
www.NGLextraction.com
NGL
Fractionation
www.NGLfractionation.com
NGL
Recovery
www.NGLrecovery.com
Nitrogen
Injection
www.NitrogenInjection.com
Nitrogen
Rejection
www.NitrogenRejection.com
Stranded Gas
www.StrandedGas.com
Upstream Oil and Gas
www.UpstreamOilAndGas.com
Vapor Recovery
Unit
www.VaporRecoveryUnit.com
Waste Heat
Recovery
www.WasteHeatRecovery.com
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